Petiole responseAlternate responsePhototropic responseGravitropic responseQuestion 18One reason vaccines have not worked to curtail malaria is because the protist P...

Which of the following statements about viral meningitis is true$?$ a) Vaccines are generally available to protect against the disease. b) The main symptom is muscle paralysis. c) Transmission is often by the fecal-oral route. d) The causative agents do not survive well in the environment. e) Recovery is rarely complete.

Hello, everyone. I hope all is well. And today I will be helping you with the 20th problem of the Chapter 21 problems. That and so this question is asking what best describes vaccines. So let's go through all the answers and let's pick the best one. So you have a kills viruses? No, it does not kill. The virus actually introduces a type of virus strand into the host so that it can ah develop immunity or some type of immune response to that virus. So then you'd be, which is vaccine stimulating to mean responses against future infections, Which is true, like I just described. And then you have see vaccines inhibit virus the virus, which is false, and then you have D which is vaccines, control and reduce the symptoms. You know, I mean, people may still have symptoms, but not for as long. So I hope you find the supple and I hope you have a great day. Thank you.

Alright, so let's talk about protozoa ins. So protozoa ins are uni cellular eukaryotic organisms. Let's race that definitely messed up there Uni cellular eukaryotic organisms. All right, so what I'm talking about uni cellular. I mean, they have one. So usually when we think about uni cellular organisms, we're thinking about bacteria. The bacteria actually procure IAT yc, meaning that they lack a nucleus. And they have their DNA in circles called pleasant. So if eukaryotic cells, they have a nucleus, so we only think of cells that have nucleus. We're talking about animal cells in plant cells, so it's actually look at those for a second. So if I draw this animal sewn right here and I depict the nucleus is blue, What is this over here as nucleus and this as an animal cell? Then I'm gonna draw this plant cell over here, and I'm also going to give it a nucleus and blue nucleus, and I'm gonna say this as a plant cell. Now, protozoa ins fall under the animal cell category. But the difference between a plant cell in an animal cell is that first off you see how I drew the animal cell as a circular circle as opposed to plant cells, kind of like a rectangle square shape. This is because plant cells have what's called a cell wall. Another difference that they have is that plant cells have what's called core Plasse. So I'm gonna draw this as green. I'll come over here so chloroplasts help the animal cell go through photosynthesis. So photosynthesis helps generate glucose for the plant cell to use, but also gives glucose to other organisms that can't make their own food. For example, animal cells. So chloroplasts actually contain core. Phil Four Row Phil and in core fell is only found in these chloroplasts. So in animal Cell, we don't have chloroplasts, so we don't have chlorophyll. Protozoan is therefore do not have core felt. Another thing that animal cells have is called mitochondria. Now it's also cool is that plants also have mitochondria. This is because they needed plant cells. Let me reset for a second. This is because plant cells also need thio have energy because mitochondria zehr called the powerhouse of the cell, and with the powerhouse of the cell, that means they make a lot of a teepee, an 80 piece kind of like currency in ourselves. So they need all this energy to carry out cellular functions. So for this, they have mitochondria, as but it's also crazy is that some parents zones don't even have to have a mitochondria. Some of these protozoa wins. They don't have mitochondria, but they have mitochondrial DNA. So we talk about mitochondrial DNA. Well, let's actually go back here. So let's just talk about DNA in general. Fast to clarify. So we have DNA in this animal cell here. Well, DNA can be found in both the nucleus and in mitochondria, as in mitochondria. So it's really crazy. Is that these pro days Owens who do not have mitochondria still have mitochondrial DNA found in their nucleus, which is crazy, right? So some of the approaches I went so I'm gonna say Protas Owens. Oh, do not all well, racist do not have to have mitochondria as All right. Awesome. So we also think about Protas Owens. We also we most commonly we think about malaria, So malaria is actually a parasite. So malaria it kills actually, three million people. Ah, year, which is crazy, right? Well, it's because of several Protas Owens that are in the genus Plasmodium. Now, if I was typing this out, I would also make sure that this is a talus sized. That's just how we write genus names and stuff. So this is always capitalized, but the talus eyes. But since I'm not typing this, I'm just writing it out and I'm just going to capitalize it, and I'm just gonna underline it, meaning that I'm inside. Italicize it. So what happens is that mosquitoes mostly the mosquitoes Carrie least Protas Owens in their digestive track. And then they infect human blood cells. And from these human blood cells they are drawing in that parasite. And so it's it is very deadly, and they are hard to kill, and they basically destroy these human blood cells as they go. So to wrap this whole thing up, let's talk. Let's sum it all up. So protozoa ins their uni cellular eukaryotic they are. They can can Black mitochondria. They, um, are can be parasitic here. Let's erase that Sediq talking about malaria, and there's also other parasites. But mostly they caught their part of malaria and they do not contain core fell, so that basically sums up proto zones

This is a vocab question. Were asked Teoh, determine which of the following diseases is calls caused by a helmet or a worm. So let's just work through these list of choices and will be able to find the best answer. So option a Lishman, I says so. This is caused by an infection with parasites that are spread through the bite of a sand flies. These are not worms. So this is not going to be the choice we're looking for. Okay, Malaria, Malaria is a mosquito born disease also caused by a parasite. Um, mosquitoes are not worms. So this is also not going to be the best answer choice. Okay, Option C. Sharma's disease is caused by a parasite found in the feces of the kissing bug Kissing bugs are not worms there. They look like little beetles. Um, is this is not the best choice, and then d schistosomiasis. So this is known as snail fever and is caused by a parasitic flatworms. So, um, this is going to be the answer that we're looking for. Teoh, Um, answer this question so we know that the answer is D

Okay, So when it comes to sort of how we classify these diseases, it really comes down to just a couple of things that comes down to the number of people it impacts and the length of time. Okay. And we're looking at this. If it's a so slightly elevated number of people, so ex slightly more then what you would see. You know, what this means is you sort of anticipated in any given time. Uh, some fraction of people are sick, right with, say, the flu. But if all of a sudden, uh you see twice that typical number, then then you know that something's happening, right? And so this is sort of all that once. So So it'll last for a short period of time. It's sort of like, Wow, this is week. This happened, okay? And so this is going to be your epidemic, okay? And then this next to one also happens over a a short period time. But instead of being isolated to like a city that's going to be worldwide rights, it's gonna be sort of everywhere. So these are your hand amex, which makes sense because a pan means also it's like all over our or all the people have it. Okay? And then we we get to, uh the the Endemic. Okay. And what is the end? And it will this one, this one has Ah, just a few people are impacted, right? Except the difference is that it occurs over a long period of time. So it's sort of like a persisting disease. Okay, uh, and then we also have inner are sort of list of of choices here Does talk about an emerging disease, right? And so that that's one of his classified slightly differently than thinner, these other three. So this is gonna depend on, uh, hasn't been seen before, right? So have we seen it p for okay. And if if the answer is no, then you get emerging, okay? And if you can answer yes to this question, then you get the re gree emerging. Okay, so that's how you classify those two. And so just once we sort of layout What All these terms mean that it's quite clear that that choice see choice See, states that an endemic happens in a large number of people, but that's just not true. It's the epidemic and pandemic that happened in larger numbers of people. So so see is thief false statement