Which of the following best describes primary structure in proteins? A. It is the number of amino acids present in the complete protein. B. It is the number of pept...

Which of the following statements about the primary structure of a protein is not true? a. It may be branched. b. It is held together by covalent bonds. c. It is unique to that protein. d. It determines the tertiary structure of the protein. e. It is the sequence of amino acids in the protein.

In this problem, we're going to talk about the layers of protein structure and we're going to start actually at the top. So we're going to start at the most zoomed out level of protein structure where you look at a protein and it just has this kind of squiggly, really complicated shapes in it. Like you might look at this hemoglobin protein. So at that highest level of structure, it's called quaternary structure, which is the fourth level of structure. And what we see here is multiple different polyp peptide chains which are transcribed and translated independently that are connected together. So there are four year, two matching pink ones and two matching green polyp peptides that are connected together in the quaternary structure of this protein. The tertiary structure is going to allow us to zoom in one level deeper. So this is going to be the third level of structure and that's the level for one of these polyp peptide squiggles independently. So each one is its own policy peptide chain and the three dimensional shape of this squiggle, which is going to be determined by bonding connections between distant parts of the chain is going to be the structure that we are considering at this level. So there's two main types of bonds that give it the shape. One is the dice sulfide bridges that happened between uh individual amino acids where some suffers stick out. And the second type is hydrogen bonds that are formed by polar molecules that come together. And these these are these long distance interactions actually let me move them down here where they belong. These are the long distance interactions over the length of the entire polyp peptide that give it a three dimensional shape. The secondary structure. We're going to zoom in a little bit further. So we're going to look at just a small region of this polyp peptide chain and we're going to look at a pattern of local interactions such as a beta sheet or an alpha helix, which are caused largely by hydrogen bonds. So as the amino acid gets produced, um the polly peptide that is being translated is connecting one amino acid to the next with these hydrogen bonds that give it like a particular curving shapes. You can think of it like curving a ribbon with a scissor and then finally the most basic level of structure. If we zoom in a little bit further in this individual chain, we can see the primary structure. So at the basic level and the primary structure is just going to be the sequence of amino acids that are translated during translation by the ribosomes and the T. R. N. S. And so we'll have a bunch of little amino acid monomers that are connected in this long linear chain. Um There's an end terminus and a C terminus on the um you know and and the car box land and each of these amino acids has its own identity. It could be um a thinning a light scene and are joining all those different amino acids of the 20 amino acids and the particular amino acids that are present are going to bond together in patterns to build the secondary structure and then builds the tertiary structure and then finally build up and connect into the ultimate quaternary structure. So when we're talking about amino acid sequence in this problem, we're talking about the primary structure of a protein. So our answer is a.

What is something false that we can say with regards to the primary structure of a protein? Something that we can say that is false. With regards to the primary structure of a protein is it may be branched. This is false, because the primary structure of a protein cannot be branched.

The proteins. Quaternary Structure has two or more poly peptide chains. How together Buy bonds. It can be described like threats in a cloth. Each thread is a poly peptide chain but are held together by bones because they're interwoven.

What is the quaternary structure of a protein? Is it the first for amino acids? Is it the organization of a poly peptide chain into an alpha helix or beta polluted sheet? Is it the unique three D shape of a polyp peptide? What is it? An overall structure from the aggregation of two or more holy peptide subunits. First of all, it's not a that's not anything special. It's just before first of amino acids, it's also not be B. Is describing secondary structures. So these are relatively simple structures like a healthy helix but form within the growing public website. It's not secondary. See this is vitor Cherie structure so it's not this ybor when you have an entire polyp peptide and it forms its problems shape that is for tertiary structure. What salary is the if you have multiple polly pep sides you get a greater overall structure when the aggregate. For example, if we look at hemoglobin, hemoglobin has a quaternary structure because hemoglobin has more than one while the peptide chain going into it. But not all proteins have this because not all proteins have multiple polyp it to James some of them have a tertiary structure and then that's it. They're finished