Describe the different forms of corallum observed in thetabulate corals and comment on their evolution and ecology...

Describe two adaptations that are present in mosses, but not hornworts or liverworts, which reflect steps of evolution toward land plants.

So we have these two ideas of how geologic change is occurring. So gradualism and catastrophe is um and hopefully as their names kind of imply, so gradualism really meaning that Earth and say it's also life on it have changed relatively slowly or gradually um in over time. And of course catastrophe is um really being the opposite of that. Alright, saying that Earth and life have changed very quickly. So again, you know, we're talking about something like gradualism, right? So we could take some examples of this um we'll be talking about in terms of life example, something like slow evolution of species over time, Right? And this would be the idea that, you know, after the mountains are created, right? The erosion of mountains and you know, they eventually wearing down and being brought down all the material eroded off of them over time. It happens very gradually, It happens very slowly. It takes geologic time scales, you know, tens to hundreds of millions of years to remove those mountains, Right? So that those are examples um, of our gradualism, in contrast are catastrophe is um so, when we're talking about this, right, there is a much more quickly changing. Right? So this would be something like the meteor impact that was important to drastically changing the conditions on earth that lead to, say, the extinction of dinosaurs. Right, So that's kind of series and chain of events. Would we think we thought much more of as a catastrophic type of event, or very, very large type of flood that drastically changes the landscape? Right. Those are catastrophic events that may drastically in a very short time period relative to geologic time, end up, uh, you know, drastically changing either life or, you know, geologic conditions or landforms on Earth. It's really these two ideas are important because really we we can, you know, through talking through this note that they both are important in their own ways, uh for thinking about kind of Earth's history and how Earth and life on Earth have been shaped over time. So it's, you know, it is important to consider both and how they are both important in their own ways when we're thinking about earth science and earth science history.

This question is asking about mal. It's molluscs and it's asking about their morphology in their anatomy. And morphology and anatomy are all about the form and structure of an organism. And so let's look at the form and structure of a mollusc. It's over here. Have a general outline of what one looks like. As you could tell, it looks like a snail because snails air within the file, um, malice mollusc. And this volume has some features that characterize it. So first, it has, um, something called a central foot. And so what that term ventral means is that organisms can be described using terms where certain things were located, and one of those is dorsal ventral. And basically, what that means is that venture was stomach side of something and dorsal is the back side of something. So in a mollusc like this one here, the dorsal side would be appear and the ventral side would be down here, just like in humans are ventral. Side would be where our stomachs that are dorsal side would be where our backs that and so eventual foot would be located on the bottom here and this ventral foot and molluscs is used for movement. Another key feature they have is something called a visceral mass right here, and it functions in containing all the organs the organism has inside of this cavity. In this cavity is created by a layer of tissue underneath on the outside of it, called the mantle. And specifically it's the dorsal mantle because it's on the dorsal side of the organism. And so this dorsal mantle here creates a cavity that contains the visceral mass. And so these three characteristics are what, uh

This question, we're going to be comparing Watson course stations to terrestrial Rechnitz. So crustaceans what we know about way. No, but they have in two body pops. STD Records set the forex Absolute, however, crustaceans have a therapists subsides. Was he records, you know. So that's one difference between some look appendages, crustaceans have. And Senna, Where is Iraq? Honesty? Notes, records, Noodle and said I since Cindy formalities vision no each have mouth parts. Stations have multiple pairs of walking legs, and they also have smaller legs for swimming in the abdomen. Which, of course, I reckon it's still don't require all the records. Have four pairs of walking legs. Crustaceans have swim Retz. Where is I reckon it's closed, You know, um, for respiration. The records used book lungs, whereas crustaceans you skills like many of course animals. Yes, Another difference. Freeman and they also have different forms of expression. Stations have antenna re glands. Rechnitz have excellence. It's all of these help from adapt to life in water versus life, on land