Describe in details Microparticle-enhanced cultivation offilamentous fungi and Change in medium osmolarity....

Short Answer Distinguish between parasitic fungi and saprophytic fungi.

Okay, so here we are to describe the A sexual reproduction, Just certainly the simpler ones. We like that, Um, any fungus of our choosing? I'm gonna choose thes Algoma coda. Okay. And so if we haven't existing, I say some sort here, it's going to give us a fruiting body and some spores, and the spores will hopefully, uh, make it somewhere somewhere nice to land, and then the spores will start to germinate. So we have a so the beginning growth phase, just like the way you see germinates. Okay, um, and will develop its mycelium. Right. So that's when we start to get a larger structure going on. And then from there, our mycelium develops its own spar Andrea and this spa Ranjha, uh, makes its own spores, and we head back to the beginning, so it's really sending these spores, and then the sports are gonna have the exact same DNA as the haIf it comes from, So it's a sexually

Current heuristics find joy. Mhm. Yeah. From jr mhm. Heavy traffic. Hydrographic doors which do not make its own food depend on others. Yeah. No of them Our focus in disguise. Okay. For to synthesize means yeah. Did you not make it on food? It depends on other food. The bosses of photosynthesis does not processing from j franchise cell wall made up of mhm carton. Mhm. Seven file. Um Seven follow him. Follow. In kingdom of enjoy fungi have forms off. Yeah. Sexual reproduction. Okay. Okay so enjoy art. Love it. Mm Multi cellular, yeah organisms. Mhm fungi have two. Mhm morphological status. Yeah. Our two Distinguished Characteristics. Thanks Sanjay. One is vegetation. Yeah. Yeah. And the other is people pretty production. Yeah. In vegetation cylinder where it likes picture through leg structure record. Hi fi. And in reproduction. Yes. Oh hi fi. It's corn mycelium. Right. Yeah. Here are the distinguishing characteristics of fungi.

So today I'm going to differentiate, um, several pairs of terms. So the 1st 1 I'm going with the French shade is the difference between a yeast and muscly. Um, um, there are different kind of use, but they're all units. It'll or simple fungi that belong to either Esko my seats or city on my seats. Um, so in a word, at least they are single cell structure. They are a single organism. Don't really have very simple structure, while my cell iam usually is the vegetated part of the more complicated than Just remember, this is ah, part of a friend, John, usually on my core is often giant. So my cell Liam is an inter woman mass on that is composed off a fun guy. Hi fi, which is a highly branched here like structure. So the mycelium usually maximizes the surface area between a fungus and its host, which would make the feeding of the finger fungus a lot more efficient. Um, so this is the difference between the yeast and my sally. Um, Now, the next pair of term that I'm going to differentiate is the ask on my seats and adversity on my seats. on. They belonged to different final note of fungi. So, um so what s cool? My seats and can have sexual reproduction during a sexual reproduction. Those fun jazz produced a, um, fruit body called asco carp and an escort park contained a structure court at sign. So on the bottom of this chart, I show you the structure of a single Ask us. So they are there sec like structures. And inside of those sex, we could ask us there are eight sports there, half Lloyd to remember. The key here is the sports are produced inside oven in single Ask us well, during sexual reproduction of a city on my seats, those fun guys produce a different kind of foot body and they're caught Best video carp. So if you buy those white mushroom from the supermarket, the mushroom cap is actually if a CDO car. So the Presidio carp contains a different structure. So those structural quote Cassidy A or in the single from presidium, so they look a little bit different. So on the right hand side, you can see ah, structure of presidium. So, as you can see, those spores are not being produced inside of the best stadium. Instead, they're being produced on a tip. Tips of the city. Um, so you can see there are four different sports, but they're outside externally. So that's the main difference between Esko my seats and and the Presidio. My seats. I'm the next pair, um is the difference between a my chorizo and um liking? So they have something in common that they're both symbolic relationship, which is beneficial for both party of this relationship. But my car is a means a symbolic relationship between the plant roots cell and a type of fungi. So fungi are hetero trips, which means they cannot really synthesize nutrients front of still I. So they have to feed on different, different organism. In this case, my core is on the fungi feed on the plant root, uh, cells Onda on the same times. It also make the inorganic nutrients more available to plant cells. So, in liking, um, the host is a little different. The light end is the define as a symbolic relationship between the fungi and a different photosynthetic microorganisms. So in this case, the host is different. The host off those fun guys are either a type of algae or a cyanobacteria. So remember, they are photosynthetic microorganisms. So here, an illustration. I show you a figure, which is a lightning. So these yellow hair like structure I high five of certain fungi and actually infiltrate into the green sports, which are bring algae. So remember the difference between my coal Reza, um, and a like anus. The host of the fund A. A specific type of fungus is different, and my chorizo, the host, is usually plant cell and in like in the host is usually a type of microorganism, either algae or bacteria. Um, the last of the next pair that I'm going to different Shayt is the difference between this juice force and ends. I go spores, um so cycle spore Zeus forms are is the a sexual sports that produced by a type of, uh, fungi called chi trades? Um, usually, as you can see from the figure, it's a very simple structure. It's a sexual. It's perhaps Lloyd and eso. It's a spore was of fla gel. Um, on the other hand, as I go, sports a little different because it's they sexual sports produced by a different file, um, of fungi, which is called is I Go my my seats. So they go through a sexual reproduction cycle. So this is part of the sexually per production cycle. A cycle sports actually is die applaud sports. Um, so to parental sports from opposite mating types, they actually fuse into the structure caused psycho sport, which is the one that I should be in a figure so the nuclei actually refuse into a deploy structure. Um, so the difference between this juice boiled on psycho sport is one is happily when the other is that Floyd one is a sexual, the other one is sexual. The last pair of the term that I'm going to differentiate today is the difference between the dye employed and a dyke. Periodic well, a die employed, um, nucleus is simply defined as a single nuclear's that contains pairs of homologous chromosome one from each parent. So, as you can see in a single star is only one nuclear's, but it has to copy to end while a dyke euro dick cell, which means there is a single cell. However, there are two God, happily nuclei didn't refuse. So, as you can see, one is a red and and then the other one is green. That means they are to happily nucleus one from each parent. So they have. They each have single copy and eso. That's the difference.

Often Jai's have some common features here are listed to common features that are found in all from dies. I'm so first often gile lack of poor few molecules that they are a pigment that are responsible for photosynthesis. So in in a little work, fungi are considered as hittle tropes because they cannot synthesize chemical energy front of sunlight, so they have to live upon other organism to get their nutrients. Another common feature that share buy old fungi is that they're so contains a politik right kind for structural support. And this is different from plans. Self play so well contains a different place and cried, Uh, which is so close? Um, these fungi also have thinks they're different. So the best characteristic to differentiate these fungi are the way they produce reproduce some, although they ever produced sexually, some off, um, reproduced a sexually and off. Obviously, they have different structures doing the reproduction. So here is a chart that I show you right here the to put um different finda into different violin. The 1st 1 is 100. Contract has a sexual sports, which we caught the zoo's force right here, and this is a fledge elated Zeus for a swim. Um, the next final is called desirable. My seat. So my state involves sexual reproduction. So it's a different cycle now, So the two parent whole store stay actually unite or for a live each other. The pool. They form this, um, his idol and then the after my oh, sis, they actually produce a structure Coat design goes for India as shown in this figure. And, uh, right inside right here. So this is the structure of Saigo Civil Rain Gear on and was a mature they would produce half Eloise force. The next one in category is clunk along a row. My seat. The unique feature of glamorizes it is they form a structure court, a vascular. My call results. So this is a structure which is an Orion side. To show what this my car is a d a. Looked like. So the high fame of this Carrie berry of fungi extent or invade into the plant cells toe form a structure called our excuse. The RV excuse actually helped plan to absorb nutrients better. And but at the same time, the plan provide the fungi was more nutrients in return. So they have this mutual ist IC relationship. So the feature here is it formed RBIs, kilos right here of the next one in line The filing of ask all my sits there unique, featured as they they actually produce a fruit body. We call it s I again they involved in a sexual reproduction. So in the right hand side, I show you the structure of s I saw a single one is called Ask us and then, of course, the problem will be a sigh. So inside of a sign, you can see these began Have eight half voice boards inside of each Estes. So this is a unique feature off Esko My six. The last one in line is called a city of my seats. The Basilio mice it they form a for body which is a little different from previous category s I. They produce a for body, caught a CDO Corp because Presidio Court actually looks like the one in the right hand side. Uh, it's a mushroom body and, uh, the bottom part of the different body. Actually, Octopussy, a stadium thes are more complicated for body structure that were produced different kind of sports again. There happily spores after my Oh, sis. But they look a little bit different from s I from approve this category. All right, so here summarised the difference of age vile, um, which put him into you need click. Hopefully the answer, the question.