Illustrate and discuss the instrumentation of an FAAS and attach it here....

Draw a diagram to show the components of a GC-MS instrument, and give a brief explanation of the role of each component.

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So in this question, we're asked to explain the principles of an atomic absorption spectrometer instrument and its applications. So basically the atomic absorption spectrometer quantitatively measures the concentration of elements present in a liquid sample. And it does this by using the principles that elements in the gas phase are going to absorb a specific wavelength. So for example, hydrogen will absorb a specific wavelength of light which would be different from the wavelength of light absorbed by carbon or some other element. So the liquid sample is drawn into a flame. So you can see here that the solution is attached to the nebulizer, which draws it into the flame and in the flame it's ionized in the gas phase. So basically in this gas phase we have ions of the elements in the solution and then we have the hallow castled lamp or hcl. This is the type of cold cathode lamp that is used as a spectral line source that we can used to analyze the sample. So from this lamp we have the source of a light of specific wavelength that is characteristic of the element being analyzed and we shine this through the flame. And the absorption that is detected by the detector will be proportional to the concentration of the element that we are analyzing. And from that we can determine how much of the element is present in the sample. So basically based on the amount of the absorption that occurs, we can detect the amount of a specific atom or element in the liquid sample that we're analyzing. So we would use a s in any instance where we're going to be analyzing the elements of a compound. So for example, if we're going to analyze an organic compound, we can determined how much of each of the elements are present in the compound. So you could say it's 12% carbon, for example.

Hi everyone. So for this question, we're going to go and talk about how we can discuss in experiment. Yeah. Using a couple of the main factors that we need in any kind of experiment. And these are a hypothesis which is essentially a prediction of what's going to happen, any experiment. So, the hypothesis, we will also need a all right, a couple of different variables, an independent variable. We'll go ensuring here to end and then i dependent variable. We'll need the results and we also need the conclusion. So, imagine that we're talking about. So now let's talk about these different terms so that you'll be able to figure out an experiment and how to talk about it using these main terms. So imagine that we wanted to find out about how people behaved in different kinds of heat or how people change their behavior under different kinds of uh under different temperature settings. So hypothesis might be that as temperature goes up, people will act in a more um in a more flustered manner. They might kind of move around more. They might fidget more. They might exhibit more behavior reflective of being uncomfortable, right? Um, So that might be our hypothesis that as temperature goes up, particularly from warm to hot, people will start acting in a more uncomfortable way. So then our independent variable in this case would be the temperature we're going to change the temperature in our experiment, and then the dependent variable, the variable we're going to be seeing, we're going to be using, we're going to be measuring. Excuse me, would be help, you would be people's behavior. So, again, in this, in this experiment, the dependent variables, people's behavior because it's depending on what we're changing, which is the temperature or at least it ideally depends on we're changing because the results results might not bear that out. But uh that aside, well, then go ahead and collect the results. Maybe we actually end up finding out that as temperature goes up, people become more relaxed and don't exhibit those traits. We those uh what we predicted of their behavior so that our conclusion would be that our hypothesis was wrong and that it seems that the evidence points to as temperature goes up for warm to hot, people tend to feel more relaxed and act, or at least act in a more relaxed manner. We might also have in our conclusion, more research that needs to be done in the area areas that we might have not. The experiment might have not worked out and how this might be replicated in the future. So that's one way you can evaluate an experiment hope.

If we were to do spectroscopy in a chemistry lab. The device that we use is called a spectrometer, and a spectrometer has four main components that allows us to detect different what we call spectra of light and spectra of samples. So the first component is an electromagnetic radiation source that would be a light source, something like maybe a UV light or X ray or something like that. It could also be visible light if you really wanted it to be. There's also a device to separate wavelength, so something maybe like a prism that would show us basically the rainbow of visible light. There's also our sample the are liquid sample, maybe something like a clear liquid that we could use to put into our spectrometer. And then finally, there's what we call a like detector that shows us how the spectra of light can be produced and how we would see a chemical reaction. Now, this is a very rudimentary drawing of the components of a spectrometer in a lab. You wouldn't see these individual components. It would be essentially like a machine where you put your sample in, or you could visual ise, the spectra But for purposes of understanding the components, this is a great diagram. So the first thing we start with is a light source. So again, something like a U V lamp would be a good light source for beginning spectroscopy. Then we have an entrance slit, so this would allow the light to come through in a very small, small centered setting. And then we have a prism. Or maybe again, you wouldn't see this in a machine, but the machine could do it for you. This separates the wavelength of light so you could see here we see all the colors of visible light. This prison was essentially separating those different way flanks. Then we have an exit slit and notice here how one very specific wavelength of light in this case, Red exited our spectrometer and we'll see that wavelength of light going through our sample and hitting our light detector. And that's what's going to generate our spectra of our sample. So I hope that this problem helped to understand a little bit more not only about spectroscopy, but how we can carry out a spectroscopy experiment in a lab and using a spectrometer